My first animal love was horses and their spirit of being free sparked my soul. To feel the wind in my hair, the freedom in my soul, to have all sorrows and pain melt. The Friesian horse belongs to the Germanic. The brown colt is Dan Patch. Friesian cross emblem patch; Maxtor firmware; Cracked ice vinyl canada; Decolonising the mind download; Patch antenna ground plane; English emotion download. Buried like kings To understand how. Title: Holmes County Hub Shopper, Aug 21, 2014, Author: Dix Communications. Holmes County Hub Shopper covers news and events in and around Holmes County, Ohio. Notes: Calilujah is a colorful, big, beautiful sorrel stallion that truly is royally bred. His sire is a 3 time World Champion and an AQHA Champion. Lebanon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Coordinates: 3. 3. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, whilst Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabianhinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. In 6. 4 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the Arab. Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries. Three were awarded Royal Red Cross medals. The Boer War marked the death of a nurse, Frances Hines—the first Australian woman to die in war.During the Crusades, the Maronites re- established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome. The ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era. The region eventually was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1. Following the collapse of the empire after World War I, the five provinces that constitute modern Lebanon came under the French Mandate of Lebanon. The French expanded the borders of the Mount Lebanon Governorate, which was mostly populated by Maronites and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1. Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon during the independence, Riad El- Solh, first Lebanese prime minister and Emir Majid Arslan II, first Lebanese minister of defence, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. Foreign troops withdrew completely from Lebanon on 3. December 1. 94. 6. Before the Lebanese Civil War (1. The name is recorded in Ancient Egyptian as Rmnn, where R stood for Canaanite L. Its territory was the core of the Bronze Age Phoenician (Canaanite) city- states. As part of the Levant, it was part of numerous succeeding empires throughout ancient history, including the Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Achaemenid Persian, Hellenistic, Roman and Sasanid Persian empires. After the 7th- century Muslim conquest of the Levant, it was part of the Rashidun, Umyayad, Abbasid. Seljuk and Fatimid empires. The crusader state of the County of Tripoli, founded by Raymond IV of Toulouse in 1. Lebanon, falling to the Mamluk Sultanate in 1. Ottoman Empire in 1. With the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Greater Lebanon fell under French mandate in 1. Bechara El Khoury in 1. Lebanon's history since independence has been marked by alternating periods of political stability and prosperity on Beirut's position as a regional center for finance and trade, interspersed with political turmoil and armed conflict (1. Arab. Archaeologists discovered remnants of prehistoric huts with crushed limestone floors, primitive weapons, and burial jars left by the Neolithic and Chalcolithic fishing communities who lived on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea over 7,0. The Canaanite- Phoenicians are also known as the inventors of the alphabet, among many other things. The area of present- day Lebanon and the wider Eastern Mediterranean were subjugated by Cyrus in 5. BCE. After two centuries of Persian rule, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great attacked and burned Tyre, the most prominent Phoenician city. He conquered what is now Lebanon and other nearby regions of the Eastern Mediterranean in 3. BCE. During the late 4th and early 5th century, a hermit named Maron established a monastic tradition, focused on the importance of monotheism and asceticism, near the Mediterranean mountain range known as Mount Lebanon. The monks who followed Maron spread his teachings among Lebanese in the region. These Christians came to be known as Maronites and moved into mountains to avoid religious persecution by Roman authorities. Though Islam and the Arabic language were officially dominant under this new regime, the general populace still took time to convert from Christianity and the Syriac language. The Maronite community in particular managed to maintain a large degree of autonomy despite the succession of rulers over Lebanon and Syria. During the 1. 1th century the Druze faith emerged from a branch of Shia Islam. The new faith gained followers in the southern portion of Mount Lebanon. The northern portion of Mount Lebanon was ruled by Druze feudal families to the early 1. Mamluk invasion. The Maronite population increased gradually in Northern Mount Lebanon and the Druze have remained in Southern Mount Lebanon until the modern era. In the south of Lebanon, (Jabal Amel), Baalbek and the Beqaa Valley was ruled by Shia feudal families under the Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire. Major cities on the coast, Acre, Beirut, and others, were directly administered by the Muslim Caliphs and the people became more fully absorbed by the Arab culture. Following the fall of Roman Anatolia to the Muslim Turks, the Byzantines put out a call to the Pope in Rome for assistance in the 1. The result was a series of wars known as the Crusades launched by the Franks in Western Europe to reclaim the former Byzantine Christian territories in the Eastern Mediterranean, especially Syria and Palestine (the Levant). The First Crusade succeeded in temporarily establishing the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli as Roman Catholic Christian states along the coast. Unlike most other Christian communities in the Eastern Mediterranean, who swore allegiance to Constantinople or other local patriarchs, the Maronites proclaimed allegiance to the Pope in Rome. As such the Franks saw them as Roman Catholic brethren. These initial contacts led to centuries of support for the Maronites from France and Italy, even after the fall of the Crusader states in the region. Ottoman Lebanon and French Mandate. In southern Mount Lebanon in 1. Fakhr- al- Din II became the successor to Korkmaz. He soon established his authority as paramount prince of the Druze in the Shouf area of Mount Lebanon. Eventually, Fakhr- al- Din II was appointed Sanjakbey (Governor) of several Ottoman sub- provinces, with responsibility for tax- gathering. He extended his control over a substantial part of Mount Lebanon and its coastal area, even building a fort as far inland as Palmyra. He was taken to Istanbul, kept in prison for two years and then executed along with one of his sons in April 1. Approximately 1. 0,0. Christians were killed by the Druzes during inter- communal violence in 1. The Baalbek and Beqaa Valley and Jabal Amel was ruled intermittently by various Shia feudal families, especially the Al Ali Alsagheer in Jabal Amel that remained in power until 1. Ottomans took direct ruling of the region. Youssef Bey Karam, a Lebanese nationalist played an influential role in Lebanon's independence during this era. In 1. 92. 0, following WWI, the area of the Mutasarrifate, plus some surrounding areas which were predominantly Shia and Sunni, became a part of the state of Greater Lebanon under the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. Around 1. 00,0. 00 people in Beirut and Mount Lebanon died of starvation during World War I. A constitution was adopted on 2. May 1. 92. 6 establishing a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. Independence from France. The Vichy authorities in 1. Germany to move aircraft and supplies through Syria to Iraq where they were used against British forces. The United Kingdom, fearing that Nazi Germany would gain full control of Lebanon and Syria by pressure on the weak Vichy government, sent its army into Syria and Lebanon. Under political pressure from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle recognized the independence of Lebanon. On 2. 6 November 1. General Georges Catroux announced that Lebanon would become independent under the authority of the Free French government. Elections were held in 1. November 1. 94. 3 the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate. The French reacted by imprisoning the new government. In the face of international pressure, the French released the government officials on 2. November 1. 94. 3. The allies occupied the region until the end of World War II. Following the end of World War II in Europe the French mandate may be said to have been terminated without any formal action on the part of the League of Nations or its successor the United Nations. The mandate was ended by the declaration of the mandatory power, and of the new states themselves, of their independence, followed by a process of piecemeal unconditional recognition by other powers, culminating in formal admission to the United Nations. Article 7. 8 of the UN Charter ended the status of tutelage for any member state: . While some irregular forces crossed the border and carried out minor skirmishes against Israel, it was without the support of the Lebanese government, and Lebanese troops did not officially invade. Lebanon agreed to support the forces with covering artillery fire, armored cars, volunteers and logistical support. This was Lebanon's only success in the war. Palestinians fled to Lebanon because of the war. Israel did not permit their return after the cease- fire. Chamoun requested assistance, and 5,0. United States Marines were briefly dispatched to Beirut on 1. July. After the crisis, a new government was formed, led by the popular former general Fuad Chehab. With the defeat of the PLO in Jordan, many Palestinian militants relocated to Lebanon, increasing their armed campaign against Israel. The relocation of Palestinian bases also led to increasing sectarian tensions between Palestinians versus the Maronites and other Lebanese factions. Civil war and Syrian occupation. The Lebanese Civil War pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the PLO, left- wing Druze and Muslim militias.
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